Posts Tagged ‘ubuntu 16.04 vs 14.04’

[ad_1]

Much ado about absolutely nothing! Google's Page Rank has become the most hyped non issue which has taken the webmaster along the slippery slope of misinformation We have present in a long time. The Google Page Rank is a value this is certainly present in Google's toolbar that evaluates an online site based upon the total amount of incoming backlinks. The specific formula is a bit more intensive and capitalizes on each pages appreciate based upon inbound versus outgoing backlinks via a regular deviation and algorithmic equation. A lot is assumed that the higher the PR, the higher the Search Engine Results (SERPS) and relevant traffic advantages. This will be absolutely wrong.

Page Rank has the littlest if any price toward the Google algorithm calculations for SERPs. Check the PR of any top serp’s, I am sure you will see a number of sites that have lower pr but Higher SERP (closer to no. 1). Hyperlinks are important to increasing traffic, Keyword deep Anchor backlinks tend to be an important factor when you look at the search engine, but common backlinks that creates PR, not a major be all end-all concern.

So if you tend to be buying backlinks or offering backlinks for hyperlinks Sake, you will be becoming cheated, and generally are buying and selling into miss-information. Perform some examinations your self. "Allinanchor" or "inanchor" indicating Keyword relevant backlinks are important. Straight hyperlinks for PR Values ​​and the ranking of a website. Not an important issue. Save you money going for Page Rank. Concentrate on fresh content, and improving the site, along with connecting with search term anchor backlinks.

seek more info about Search Engine Optimization and connecting in the next article. Proper Hyperlinks

[ad_2]

Supply by Jermaine Tabor

[ad_1]

the net is a well known and incredibly extensive supply of information. However, searching for fast information on the world wide web are like looking for a needle in a haystack. You can find huge amounts of internet sites and it's not humanly possible to search them all when it comes to information that you’ll require. That’s where the various search engines prove of use. Anybody who's knowledgeable about the world wide web is aware these se’s will make the whole process easier and faster.

you need to use the advanced level search option supplied by the various search engines or search using a specific term or word. The advanced level search option provides web surfers with an increase of certain choices. However, the more certain you are, the higher will be your results. Everybody submits articles to get their products or services and services call at industry. This is often quickly done by establishing a hyperlink in site content and/or website your content is submitted to. And since most of the sites try not to take articles that blatantly promote these products or services, these articles are concealed as informative people.

But also after that, to bring in the consumer, they should be well crafted. As well as for this you could get the help of one of the many site content composing services in Asia.

And you can use these same se’s locate high quality site content composing services.

There are many site content composing services all around the globe. However, the trouble that many folks searching once and for all site content composing services face is just how to differentiate the nice people from the bad.

So, whether you're trying to find information on the net or adding a information, it's important to consider the top-notch cyberspace content information and its particular presentation. Additionally the preferred destination for those of you in need of great site content composing services is Asia. With so much choice when it comes to site content composing services in Asia internet sites available today, you need to be discriminating to separate your lives the nice people from the mediocre.

there are many questions you need to consider while selecting a web article writing solution in Asia. They are able to allow you to assess the quality of the web site article writing solution therefore the reliability of information they offer on their site. Most site content composing services offer free articles that can provide you with an insight in to the

[ad_2]

Origin by James Marriot

[ad_1]

I have installed the WAP54G wireless accessibility point since its release and discovered it a fantastic accessibility suggest utilize. I have installed the WAP54G wireless accessibility point in tiny offices, huge warehouses, schools and office structures. Businesses such as the WAP54 so much because very first it's inexpensive and second it's cheap.If there is the money you may constantly like to purchase enterprise course cordless accessibility things. They are sturdier and have now more energy and antenna functions that the WPA54G cordless accessibility point.If you don’t have the amount of money and require an invisible network the WAP54g is the most flexible and cheapest accessibility point you can get available on the market. Cheap does include Quarks and over time I have observed many that I will list right here.

1. Firmware – before you begin configuring your cordless accessibility things upgrade the firmware very first to avoid severe headaches. WAP54g's will work 100 times better when you have the appropriate firmware version installed. Linksys is very good at repairing insects if they have an even more recent firmware version out you better do the installation. Should you not have the many updated firmware and anticipate making use of WPA2 with AES you should have issues.

2. Power Cycling – a typical issue with all Non- Enterprise course accessibility things usually sometimes they should be restarted or energy cycled. The WAP54g isn’t any exception, in case your cordless people tend to be experiencing sluggish contacts or they may not be associating using the cordless accessibility point after that resume it. It’s a quark however it does fix most WAP54g's issues.

3. Less is More – Because the WAP54g is a cheap cordless accessibility point businesses will purchase many of them (often too many) someplace all of them in a little area. Just like all cordless accessibility things positioning is key to presenting smooth high quality cordless protection in you operations area. If an organization claims that its cordless network is sluggish or these are generally constantly dropping contacts they may have too many cordless accessibility things in a little area. A lot of WAP54g in a little area may cause chaos, turn all of them off and start placing all of them in better higher jobs one-by-one, preferably mounted on the wall surface.

you will require less cordless accessibility things if you are using the appropriate cordless antenna. The WAP54g is sold with two di-pole omni-directional antennas that emit an invisible signal in a doughnut pattern. If you place the WAP54 wireless accessibility point near a wall 1 / 2 of your signal is going out the window. Buy a directional antenna to replace the rubberized duck antennas. You will see that you’ve got a significantly better signal high quality and your cordless network may well be more protected because no person can sit in the parking area and collect your SSID.

4. Bad Access Points – we due suggest the WAP54g cordless accessibility point but I have encounter many lemons. If you install an invisible accessibility point and lots of individuals are having issues connecting, after you have enhanced the firmware and upgraded their particular motorists, You could have a lemon wireless accessibility point. As a network administrator you don’t have countless hours of the time to screw with something, if every person links good to all the the WAP54g's excluding one toss it or return it. WPA54g's tend to be sensitive to energy changes and it might have got zapped, also have it connected to a surge protector.

Like I have stated before the WAP54g is a great inexpensive cordless accessibility point. Whenever your customer is strapped for money and needs an invisible network use a linksys WAP54. Just remember to update you firmware, energy period if you are experiencing strange issues, less is much more and don’t waste some time on a lemon.

[ad_2]

Origin by Eric Meyer

[ad_1]

The CNC router machine cuts in three directions at once. The precision of the router's cutting relies on the design software, software that provides a two-fold advantage to the router operator.

To begin with, the CAD software gives the operator of the CNC router machine the ability to create the design that will be cut into the solid plate.

After the operator creates the design, that same operator relies on the computer to send the proper operating instructions. The instructions from the software send signals to the router motor drive. These signals, termed tool path files, allow the motor controls to direct the precise motion of the router drive system.

The router bits perform the cutting of the CNC router machine. These bits are similar to drill bits. As mentioned above, the cutting can proceed along three different axes simultaneously. The CNC controls cause the movements of the drill bits to take place in small and precise increments.

The cutting along the x-axis moves from front to back. The cutting along the y-axis moves from left to right. The cutting along the z-axis moves up and down. The ability of the CNC router machine to move in 3 directions at once leads to the creation of interesting patterns and shapes.

The use of a CNC router machine guarantees savings in time and money. The CNC router machine produces each of its elaborately shaped products in a very small amount of time. In addition, the CNC router machine eliminates the need for an employee to stand at the router. A computer controls the operation of the router. Either the computer linked to the router can stand adjacent to the manufacturing devices, or it can sit at the desktop of the operator.

In other words, the operator of the CNC router machine can sit at his or her desk and direct the movement of the device that holds the router bits. The operator maintains control of this device, a machine part that is called a gantry.

The benefits of a CNC router machine increase steadily, spurred in large part by the increasing need for the manufacture of prototypes. Prototypes are test versions of a product. The creation of prototypes provides the manufacturer with a way to detect those places where an error in production could occur.

The precision of the router allows the operator to detect the scale of any possible manufacturing error. The computer can inspect a prototype and then alert the operator to the precise degree of expected changes in the routed product. The benefits of this precision are magnified by the potential for offline simulation of manufacturing processes. Without access to such precision, the manufacturer would not be able to use the creation of prototypes by the CNC router machine. Thanks to the precision of the router, the manufacturer can use the prototype to plan the needed strategy for an efficient full-scale production.

The CNC router machine enables manufactures to utilize the latest technologies in order to achieve their business needs more effectively.

[ad_2]

Source by Peter Vermeeren

[ad_1]

Using the Linux fdisk and parted Commands / Utilities

The main Linux partitioning utility is fdisk, which is run with the fdisk command. Virtually every Linux distribution includes fdisk command / utility.

Some Linux distributions also include a utility called “parted” (GNU Parted – partition editor). And the parted utility is run by simply typing running the parted command.

For basic Linux partitioning tasks, use the fdisk command / utility.

However, to do more advanced Linux partitioning tasks, like resizing a partition or copying a partition, use the parted utility.

If you run the Linux parted command and this utility doesn’t start, you can download the parted program and install it for your Linux distribution.

Some Linux distributions also use other partitioning utilities, particularly during their (own) installation routines.

The “Disk Druid” Hard Disk Partitioning GUI Utility Used By the Red Hat and Fedora

The installation routine of Red Hat (and Fedora Linux) allows you to use a partitioning tool called Disk Druid to partition your hard disk(s).

Disk Druid is actually a GUI interface (front end) for the parted utility. When you do a task with Disk Druid, such as create a partition, the parted utility is actually used “in the background” to accomplish the partitioning task.

Linux Commands Training Tips: Red Hat Linux is very expensive and Fedora is Free! Red Hat sponsors the creation of Fedora as a “test bed” for features to be added to Red Hat Linux.

So, download Fedora or have it mailed to you very inexpensively – if you specifically need to learn how to use Red Hat.

From a “learning Linux for System Administration perspective”, the Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux distributions are virtually identical.

The options available on the “Disk Setup” screen (of Disk Druid in the Red Hat installation routine) do not currently utilize all of the capabilities of the parted utility.

For example, the parted utility can be run at the Linux command line (by simply typing in parted and pressing Enter) to resize (increase or decrease) the size of a Linux partition and you cannot do this with Disk Druid (from within the Red hat installation routine).

The Linux hard disk partitioning concepts and commands covered here apply to: Red Hat Linux and Fedora Linux for fdisk, parted and Disk Druid – and also apply to Ubuntu, Slackware, Debian and other Linux distributions for fdisk and parted.

[ad_2]

Source by Clyde E. Boom

[ad_1]

This article is aimed at giving you an overview of the various elements which make up an operating system. Now as you are probably aware, an Operating System, whether it be Windows, Linux Or Mac, serves the purpose of giving us, the human user, a means to interact with the computer in a meaningful way.

Imagine, if you can, that an operating system is broken down into five layers. in the following list I’ll start at the bottom most layer and work my way up to the very top.

Layer 1: The Kernel.

The kernel is the heart of the operating system. Amongst it’s responsibilities are ensuring that each running process is given a fair amount of time to execute while a controlling the amount of resources each process can use.

Layer 2: Memory Management.

The name of this layer gives you a good idea what it is all about. It is the responsibility of this layer to share your computers physical memory among the processes which want to use it. It also has to manage such situations where there may not be enough physical memory to share out.

Layer 3: Input/Output.

On this layer all the physical communication between your computers hardware, such as disk drives, keyboards, mouses, screens and so on, takes place.

Layer 4: File Management.

Again the name of this layer may give you a clue as to what it does. It is the job of this layer to control how the files on your computers hard drive are stored and accessed by any application seeking to use them.

Layer 5: The User Interface.

The last element, or layer as we have been calling them, of an operating system is the User Interface. This layer is probably the easiest of all to understand since it is the first thing you see when your operating system has logged you in. It is the job of this layer to provide a means for the user to actually interact with the rest of the layers and as such the system as a whole.

Keep in mind there are two different types of User interfaces. The first one is probably the one you are most familiar with, the graphical user interface, which is where you see windows and icons for each of your files and so on.

The second is a command line interface, or text based interface where a user would interact with the system using text based commands.

Well that is it for this article, if your an experienced IT pro or tech guru, before you go placing comments that I’ve skimmed on certain details please keep in mind that i have deliberately kept this article simple so the people new to computing in general fin dit easier to understand. With that said I hope you enjoyed this article.

– David

[ad_2]

Source by David Gallie

[ad_1]

The SAP System OS collector (SAPOSCOL) is a platform independent stand-alone program that runs in OS background and collects the system information using a segment of the shared memory for various applications and all SAP instances on a host. These information details can be viewed through transaction code ST06/OS06 in frontend SAPGUI. It is a very useful tool for NetWeaver/Basis Administrators & consultants to monitor server performance. SAPOSCOL extracts real-time data from system, although it does not refreshes automatically, you need to click the ‘Refresh’ button to get the updated data. SAPOSCOL collects system data every 10 seconds and records it, and also records the hourly averages for the last 24 hours. It runs autonomously from SAP instances exactly one process per host and collects data from various operating system resources. User can monitor all the servers under SAP landscape with this tool. But for remote server (livecache server) the transaction code is OS07. You can check CPU utilization, Physical & virtual memory usage, Pool data/Swap size, disk response time, utilization of physical disks and file systems, resource load for running processes and even LAN data from the monitoring list.

You can navigate to this tool from SAP Menu->Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Performance->Operating System->Local->Activity.

If you can’t see any data, that means the OS Collector (SAPOSCOL) is not running (error code: Shared memory not available). In this situation your main task is to fix the saposcol to run properly. This usually happens after a new SAP installation or Kernel upgrades. If you are new with the SAP Systems the following guideline will be helpful to overcome the saposcol issue.

Unix/Linux/AIX/Sun/Solaris System:

First, Check the permission of saposcol.exe file, it should be 777 (owner is root in group sapsys) and sticky bit should be set to 4750. If you want to know which user is running saposcol, use “ps -ef | grep saposcol”. Now to change the saposcol file to owner root, group sapsys, mode 4750, log in as root to your unix system and execute the commands as below,

cd /usr/sap//SYS/exe/run

chown root saposcol

chgrp sapsys saposcol

chmod 4750 saposcol

You can also run the “saproot.sh” in the exe dir to set the permissions. Then run saposcol -l as the same owner (root). Check collector status using saposcol -s. After setting the file permissions, you can also use, ST06 -> Operating System Collector -> Click on ‘Start’ to run SAPOSCOL.

To stop the OS collector use saposcol -k. If this command failed to kill the process, you can execute “cleanipc 99 remove” (Check SAP Note 548699). If this attempt also fails, then you need to remove the shared memory key of saposcol. Execute command “ipcs -ma” and note down Shared Memory ID in the line that contains saposcol key. Then execute the command “ipcrm -m ID”. Shared memory key will be created again next time when you run saposcol.

Sometimes using “saposcol -l” gives a message that it’s already running, but when you grep the process using “ps -ef|grep -i saposcol” it may not show the process. In this situation, you can use a undocumented parameter “saposcol -f”, where “f” stands for starting the process forcefully. When it starts, then stop the process in regulation methon using “saposcol -k” and then start it normally using “saposcol -l”.

If saposcol still doesn’t run, then you need to start it in dialog mode. Login with use adm and follow the steps below,

saposcol -d

Collector > clean

Collector > quit

saposcol -k to stop the collector.

Before restarting

saposcol -d

Collector > leave (You should get a message- Shared memory deleted)

Collector > quit

cd /usr/sap/tmp

mv coll.put coll.put.sav

cd

saposcol

“coll.put”,if this file contains the old shared memory and should be deleted in order to get a clean start (Check SAP Note 548699, point 7). If you are unsuccessful in clearing shared memory, please try the following commands to clear the shared memory:

$ saposcol -kc

$ saposcol -f

If this also fails, then you need to restart the system from OS level and seems like also need a new version of saposcol (Check SAP Note 19227).

IBM iSeries i5/OS (OS/400, OS/390):

– Check permissions of directory ‘/usr/sap/tmp’ and the file ‘saposcol.exe’, it should be 4755 and owner must be root in sapsys group. Check SAP Note 790639. After assigning permissions you can run from OS command line using ‘SAPOSCOL -l’. To show the status use ‘SAPOSCOL -s’ and to stop the process use ‘SAPOSCOL -k’. You can also run the process by submitting a job in OS level using

CALL PGM(SAPOSCOL) PARM(-l)

It submits the job in job queue QBATCH in library QGPL.

– In iSeries, you might experience strange data when analyzing CPU utilization using tcode ST06/OS06. Even you are using multiple CPU’s, SAPOSCOL might only report CPU usage for the first CPU. Also sometimes you will find CPU utilizations reported above 100% in some intervals, if you are running SAP instance in an uncapped partition where multiple logical partitions are using a shared processor pool. In this situation, be sure that CPU usage reported for CPU number 0 is the average usage for all CPU’s being used in the system. If you want to view shared CPU partition information, apply support packages as per SAP Note 994025 including following patch levels

6.40 disp+work package (DW): 182 SAPOSCOL: 69

7.00 disp+work package (DW): 109 SAPOSCOL: 34

By applying these patches and support packages into the system, new transactions, OS06N, ST06N, and OS07N are available to view additional information in two sections titled “Host system” and “Virtual system”. These include information about the partition type and the available and consumed CPU in the current partition as well as in the shared processor pool. So, if you are a iSeries user and your SAPOSCOL is not running, highest probability is that you need to put the latest kernel & saposcol patch. (SAP Note 708136 & 753917)

– Another scenario in iSeries, when your saposcol is not running, and you cannot start it from ST06/OS06. Problem might be with the authorization list R3ADMAUTL was not accurate. You can solve it by this way,

1) Remove QSECOFR *ALL X

2) Change *PUBLIC from *USE to *EXCLUDE

3) Add R3OWNER *ALL X

Now you can start saposcol using the tcode ST06/OS06. And also you can start the process from command line,

CALL PGM(/SAPOSCOL PARM(‘-l’)

If this does not solve the problem check if both programs QPMLPFRD and QPMWKCOL in library QSYS have *USE- authority assigned for user R3OWNER (SAP Note: 175852). If not then you have to run the following commands:

GRTOBJAUT OBJ(QSYS/QPMLPFRD) OBJTYPE(*PGM) USER(R3OWNER) AUT(*USE)

GRTOBJAUT OBJ(QSYS/QPMWKCOL) OBJTYPE(*PGM) USER(R3OWNER) AUT(*USE)

Then you should verify if the user R3OWNER is part of authority list R3ADMAUTL (SAP Note: 637174). After this if you receive the error “SAPOSCOL not running? (Shared memory not available), then follow the steps below,

1) Remove the shared memory (coll.put) as per SAP Note: 189072. ‘coll.put’ location is: ‘/usr/sap/tmp’.

2) End the jobs QPMASERV, QPMACLCT, QYPSPFRCOL and CRTPFRDTA in QSYSWRK if running.

3) Delete the temporary user space, WRKOBJ OBJ(R3400/PERFMISC*) OBJTYPE(*USRSPC)

4) ENDTCPSVR *MGTC

5) CALL QYPSENDC PARM(‘*PFR ‘ ‘ ‘) [There are 6 blanks after *PFR and there are 6 blanks making up the second parameter]

6) ENDJOB JOB(xxxxxx/QSYS/QYPSPFRCOL) OPTION(*IMMED) SPLFILE(*YES) [This command must be run for all QYPSPFRCOL jobs found on the system even if they show with *OUTQ as their status]

7) ENDJOB JOB(xxxxxx/QSYS/CRTPFRDTA) OPTION(*IMMED) SPLFILE(*YES) [This command must be run for all CRTPFRDTA jobs even if they show with *OUTQ as their status]

8) RNMOBJ OBJ(QUSRSYS/QPFRCOLDTA) OBJTYPE(*USRSPC) NEWOBJ(QPFRCOLDTX)

9) RNMOBJ OBJ(QUSRSYS/QPFRCOLDTA) OBJTYPE(*DTAQ) NEWOBJ(QPFRCOLDTX) [This object may or may not exist at this time]

10) CALL QYPSCOLDTA *note This program will create a new *USRSPC. After collection services is started there should be a new *DTAQ.

11) Start collection services using GO PERFORM, opt 2, and opt 1; OR CALL QYPSSTRC PARM(‘*PFR ‘ ‘*STANDARDP’ ‘ ‘) [There are 6 blanks after *PFR and there are 6 blanks making up the second parameter]. Or, Start collection services from Operations Navigator.

12) STRTCPSVR *MGTC

13) End and restart Operations Navigator if running. See IBM authorized program analysis report (APAR) SE12188 for more information.

14) Now start SAPOSCOL from ST06/OS06.

Windows System:

– Go to the Kernel folder in command line where you will find saposcol.exe. Set full owner permission

for the file & folder. Then run saposcol -l (saposcol -d in dialog mode)

– You can also try Start/Stop SAPOSCOL service from Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services (services.msc).

If all other attempts fail, then make sure you have the correct version of SAPOSCOL. Get latest SAPOSCOL from SAP Service Marketplace for your OS. Download the SAPOSCOL.SAR file for your Kernel and save in a directory. Then STOP SAP & SAPOSCOL. Check for any Kernel library locks and don’t forget to take library backup. Then run APYR3FIX and then APYSAP. Check OSS Note 19466.

SAPOSCOL also can be terminated due to small amount of internal memory allocation. When this memory filled gradually during the runtime of SAPOSCOL, system writes data outside the buffer. As a result the following buffer is cleared and SAPOSCOL terminates with a dump. Apply the following patches with at least the patch levels specified below:

SAP Release 640: SAPOSCOL patch level 100 and DW patch level 293

SAP Release 700: SAPOSCOL patch level 75 and DW patch level 151

SAP Release 701: SAPOSCOL patch level 18 and ILE patch level 53

SAP Release 710: SAPOSCOL patch level 36 and ILE patch level 161

SAP Release 711: SAPOSCOL patch level 12 and ILE patch level 48

So, it’s obvious that if we use different SAP Systems in one server with incompatible mixture of Kernel versions, SAPOSCOL will face crisis and will not provide data for all systems, though SAP system functions will run without any trouble. This happens because we are using new IBM technology with EXT Kernels, so it will not allow SAPOSCOL to reside in single level store (SLS), rather than put it to Teraspace. In this situation it’s obvious that if you run an EXT system with some other non-EXT systems, saposcol will run only in one system. To overcome this issue you need to upgrade to EXT Kernel for all SAP systems with latest patches. Then set proper authorization for SAPOSCOL file & directory as guided which will solve any problem related to SAP OS Collector.

[ad_2]

Source by Masudur Rahman

[ad_1]

When we are talking about setting up the IP phone PBX system in our home, the first thing that comes to our mind is where or how to begin. Here, we will discuss at an easy way to turn your home PC into a fully fledged IP phone PBX. Let us first understand what this technology really is.

Installation using the old method:

The old method of installing the asterisk was one of the most awful ways to install the IP phone. Using CLI (command line interface) based interface to do anything is no more a choice, and when we are talking about Linux, that becomes even more painful. This is the single biggest reason why people now think of installing asterisk in their homes nothing short of a nightmare. When this CLI based Linux installation was carried out, it took many dark twists and turns, at the end of the day. There were fundamentally, two teasing things. For a layman, the first one was remembering all those commands and executing them at the right time. Secondly, for installing Linux separately, you also needed to install asterisk, which was nothing short of climbing the Mount Everest.

GUI Based Asterisk:

Now, users do not have to wrestle with the text based command prompt. New packages have included everything in just one CD and you just don’t need to install different software packages in bits and pieces.

There is a GUI based Linux software which solves half the worries related to remembering all the Linux CLI commands. Now ordinary people like you and me can see as well as relate to what is happening on the screen. Secondly, asterisk’s new GUI based version further makes things easy for the users.

They can make all the changes in asterisk through graphic user interface instead of using the command line interface. There are many GUI based asterisk available and most of them are open source like AsteriskNow, Flash in a PBX, and many others.

All these changes have not only made the installation process a lot easier but also reduced the unnecessary headaches which ordinary people had to go through earlier.

We talked about a useless PC on which asterisk work. Anyhow, we will still have a look at the minimum requirements for the computer that can be used for this purpose.

– You need a PC that is x86 with Linux GUI based operating system installed on it.
– The PC should be a minimum Pentium III with 500 MHz of processor.
– There must be one PCI slot available.
– You must have Digium TDM-400P that supports 2 X FXO daughter cards and 2 X FXS daughter cards.
– Your PC must have a sound card installed and working in perfect condition.

Assuming that you already have Linux operating system installed on your PC, we will proceed with the Trixbox installation as this is one of the most common GUI based asterisk in use.

Installing asterisk on your PC using Trixbox

Once you reach the console, login using these details.

Username: root
Password: The one you provided at the time of installation

Once you have successfully been able to log into your system, your system will mention you the DHCP server received IP address. Now you need to give your system a permanent address which you can do by two ways, either through the GUI or by system-config-network.

Upon configuring the IP address you need to restart the service network.

You will need to use your web browser to continue doing the configuration task through the IP that you just assigned.

Now you will need to click on Switch next to User Mode for opening the Admin GUI. Login details provided below.

user: maint
pass: password

Select the Asterisk – PBXconfig from the GUI.

Go to tools – module admin. Here you can select from a list of modules given. Install the ones which you really think of benefit to you.

Now go to setup – extensions – generic sip device to add your first extension.

Now you can enter different phone extensions that you want to use. Many people prefer starting from 200.

What to do next?

Once you have successfully configured all the settings, now you need to have a phone to make and receive calls. But as in this case, you are using your PC. Make sure you have good quality VoIP headset pair with a mic. This will help you make and receive phone calls. Make sure you have enabled voicemail to get the extra benefits. Now you can virtually attach as many phone users as you want. Just make sure to correctly configure it in your GUI based asterisk and do not forget to assign an extension to each new phone user added. The extension would be unique which can only be assigned to one phone user.

Enjoy managing a big network of phones with secure OS like Linux run by asterisk. There does involve some hard work but at the end. You will not need to invest that much amount of money or effort.

To reduce the cost of the whole process and increase the joys, make sure that you have a reliable internet phone service like Vonage, Axvoice or Skype at the backend.

[ad_2]

Source by Ricky Lim

[ad_1]

1. Introduction

The IBM iSeries computers, still commonly known as AS/400 systems use the successful IBM DB2 database to store and access data which are organised into files with the following characteristics:

• They are structured in data fields which usually have a fixed length and type
• They have external data definitions which can be used by application programs
• Numeric data can be stored in packed format where each digit is stored in a semibyte.
• Data are coded in EBCDIC

Other systems such as Linux/Unix and Windows use files which are just a sequence of bytes (normally coded in ASCII) and therefore are known as stream files. Often their fields have not a fixed length and are delimited by a special field delimiter character such as a semicolon, a colon or a pipe (field delimited files are often produced by exporting data originally stored in spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel or databases such as Microsoft Access).

It is often necessary or useful to transfer files between the IBM iSeries (AS/400) and PCs and Linux/Unix systems, but the different file organisations described above often make such transfers complicated and painful.

This article described some approaches to simplify the work.

2. IBM useful commands

The IBM AS/400 uses an integrated file system (IFS) that allows to use on the same server different file organisations such as those used by Linux/Unix or Windows and the native AS/400 ones. The native AS/400 files are stored in libraries or DB2 collections within the QSYS.LIB. Other file systems exist in the QOpenSys (similar to Unix) or the QDLS (used to store documents and files in PC formats) environments.

The IFS allows to use on the same server Linux/Unix based applications together with the native AS/400 applications.

The AS/400 Operating system provides some useful commands to simplify the data interchanges between different file systems as described below:

• CPYFRMIMPF to copy data from IFS to the AS/400 database system
• CPYTOIMPF to copy data from the AS/400 database system to IFS
• CPYFRMSTMF to copy stream files into AS/400 database files
• CPYTPSTMF to copy AS/400 database files to stream files
• CPYTOPCD to copy AS/400 database files to PC documents, stored in the QDLS folders
• CPYFRMPCD to copy PC documents in the QDLS folders into AS/400 database files

The CPYTOPCD and CPYFRMPCD commands are specific for the QDLS system and have not many options whereas the other ones allow to use many options and are more flexible. They look similar, but there are important differences as follows:

CPYFRMSTMF converts text files (stream files that are in text format) to physical files. It has no concept of fields, so it can only write records to program described files (i.e. files that have no fields defined) or source pfs.

CPYFRMIMPF converts text files as well, but it tries to interpret fields in the input file and copy them to the appropriate fields in the output file. You can either import delimited fields (for example, comma separated value (CSV) files, tab-delimited files, pipe delimited files, etc) or you can read input from fixed-position fields (you have to define the record layout in a “field definition file”)

An example of the second command is the following:

CPYFRMIMPF FROMSTMF(‘/Fldr1/File1.CSV’) TOFILE(Lib1/FILE3) MBROPT (*REPLACE) RCDDLM(*CRLF) DTAFMT(*FIXED) FLDDFNFILE(Lib1/FILE4)

The example above uses a fixed data format (i.e. not delimited) and uses a field definition file (FILE4) to describe the text file fields as follows:

– This is comment

– DBFieldname startpos endpos nullIndpos

field1 1 12 13

field2 14 24 0

field3 25 55 56

field4 78 89 90

field5 100 109 0

field6 110 119 120

field7 121 221 0

*END

The above would be needed to import the text file data into a DB file with field names of: FIELD1, FIELD2, FIELD3,…, and FIELD7. The *END is required. I think you can leave off the third column if no fields are null capable.

3. Some User Utilities

The commands above are useful and normally perfectly adequate, but they can be complex especially when the data fields to be copied are not in the same sequence or when one wants to extract only some data from the text file.

I was involved in a few system migration exercises where such copies between Unix, PCs and AS/400 systems had to be done frequently and I developed therefore some utilities to simplify these activities.

The utilities have the objective to satisfy following requirements:

• Support of any separator character used to delimiter the fields
• Possibility to copy valid data into fields defined as alphanumeric, numeric or packed numeric
• Possibility to copy data stored in different sequences in the two files. For instance it should be possible to copy fields 1, 3,4 and 6 of the text file into the fields 5, 2, 1 and 4 of the target database file.
• The utility should be able to store the file fields mappings (such as those described above) to allow the user to simply use the previously entered mapping.

I organised the utilities in a few commands and programs as follows:

a) Command UCPYFTP to control the copy between two files. The command requires to enter following parameters:

AS400 DB File . . . . . . . . . TOFILE …….

AS400 Library . . . . . . . . . TOLIB *LIBL

AS400 Member . . . . . . . . . . TOMBR *FIRST

FTP File . . . . . . . . . . . . FROMFILE …….

FTP Library . . . . . . . . . . FROMLIB …….

Field Separator #T=TAB] . . . . SEPARATOR ‘|’

Decimal Point . . . . . . . . . DECPOINT ‘.’

View Field Mappings (Y/N) . . . VIEWMAP ‘N’

Up to Record No. . . . . . . . . UPTOREC 0

b) Program UFMA01L to display and maintain existing file mappings.

The display looks as follows:

UFMAP30 MAPPING FILE MAINTENANCE 20/02/09 10:03:38

AS400 Database File: WERCSWKF FTP File: WERCS

Seq AS400 Fld Description Type Len D From

No. Name FldN

1 WK0003 WK_CLIENTE A 9 3

2 WK0004 WK_CLI_SAP A 10 4

3 WK0005 WK_RAGSOC A 40 5

4 WK0006 WK_ZIP A 5 9

5 WK0016 WK_ADDRESS1 A 100 17

6 WK0017 WK_ADDRESS2 A 100 19

7 WK0101 WK_INDI A 30 0

8 WK0102 WK_CAP A 5 0

9 WK0103 WK_LOC A 25 0

10 WK0104 WK_PROV A 2 0

Fine

F3=Exit F6=Update Mappings F9=Use sequential mapping F11=Process

The screen shows that field number 3 of the FTP file is copied to the first field of the database file called WK0003, field 4 is copied to WK0004 and so on. The fields for which the number is zero are not copied, but are initialised correctly in the target file (with zeros or blanks).

Notice following points:

• The file to be copied is called FTP file because normally is sent to the AS/400 by using an FTP transfer.
• The user must specify the name and library of both the FTP file and the target AS/400 database file.
• The commands use some defaults for the field separator and decimal point, but these can be changed by the user.
• When the View Field Mappings parameter is set to ‘Y’, the user will see previously defined field mappings or enter new mappings.
• When the user invokes the command for the first time on a new couple of ftp and target files, the program extracts the field definitions of the database file and displays the mapping screen to allow the user to enter the field mappings which are then stored to allow a future re-use.

A similar utility called UCPYTOFTP allows to copy the data from an AS/400 database file to a text file to be downloaded to a Linux/Unix or Windows machine.

The Utilities and their documentation can be downloaded for free from my website. The programs are free software that can be redistributed and/or modified it under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence as published by the Free Software Foundation.

[ad_2]

Source by Mario Pesce

[ad_1]

We will be focusing on creating this masterpiece in the Windows environment, but don’t worry the same principles can be used in any operating system that can run Virtual Box.

List of Software and Hardware needed:

Software:

-Virtual Box and Extension Pack

-Windows 7 or higher PC or most any Linux Distro

-Redo Backup and Recovery ISO

-YUMI installer

Hardware:

-USB flash drive

-USB hard drive

The overall benefits of performing this procedure is three fold. One, cost savings on power, climate control and space required will be seen instantly. Two, manageability and scalability dramatically increases due to working with virtual disks and virtual networks that can scaled up or down with finer grained control. Three, redundancy and faster disaster recovery that is provided by cloud services. Especially when tied into your already existing network infrastructure for a seamless transition when disaster strikes.

While this process can be completed in numerous ways with different software, this is the way that I am familiar with and all the tools needed are free.

Sounds daunting? No sweat, but where do we start first?

Well, we need to get an image of the physical machine onto removable media (USB hard drive). I recommend a USB hard drive vs. just a USB flash drive due to the space the image will take up. We will also need a USB flash drive at least 2 GB in size to use as a bootable media for Redo Backup and Recovery.

Plug the USB hard drive into your USB port and open up the folder structure. Create a folder in a location that you can remember I.e D:”Your Computer’s Name”. This is the location where we will install the files from our initial physical image copy to. After this is complete, eject your USB hard drive by right clicking on the “Safely Remove Hardware” icon in your taskbar and click on Eject “whatever your USB hard drive is named”, unplug the USB HDD.

Next, we need to create a bootable USB to load Redo Backup and Recovery on. Download a small program called “YUMI”. YUMI will create a bootable USB flash drive for Redo Backup and Recovery on it. Also grab a copy of Redo Backup and Recovery, save both files to your desktop or location of choice.

Now, run YUMI and choose your USB flash drive from the list (Remember to choose your USB drive and not your USB HDD that should be unplugged anyway!). Choose “Redo Backup and Recovery” from the software list that you can create an installer for. Click the “Browse” button to look for the Redo Backup and Recovery.iso to include on the install. Finally click on “create” to start the bootable Redo Backup and Recovery bootable USB creation process. When this is done, YUMI will ask you if you want to add any more distros, just say “no”. Eject your USB out of the computer using the “Safely Remove Hardware” icon in your taskbar and click on Eject “whatever your USB flash drive is named” and unplug the USB flash drive. Please keep Redo Backup and Recovery.iso we will need it later.

Make sure that the physical computer that you would like to virtualize is in a powered down state, if not please power down the computer. Insert only the USB flash drive into the computer. Power up the computer and press the correct key to access to boot menu or make sure that the USB drive is set to boot before the computers internal hard drive. Choose the USB entry to boot from, YUMI should now load. Choose the entry for “Tools” then “Redo Backup and Recovery”. Press enter on the Redo menu to start the mini recovery O/S. When Redo Backup and Recovery is loaded, insert your USB HDD and give it about 20 seconds.

Open Redo Backup and Recovery Software:

1. Choose “Backup”

2. Choose your disk to backup (your physical computer’s disk)

3. Choose your partitions to backup (typically it would be all partitions and MBR)

4. On the “Destination Drive” screen choose “Connected directly to my computer” and click browse.

5. Locate the file folder we made earlier I.e D:”Your Computer’s Name” click OK.

6. Choose a name for the disk image. I will usually choose the date, click next. The backup process will take anywhere from 1 hr to 3 hrs depending on hard drive capacity and computer speed.

Congratulations, at this point you have made a full backup of your physical machine. Please click “Close” on the Redo and Recovery Backup program and choose the power button in the bottom right corner of your screen. Select “Shutdown” and let the computer shutdown. Remove both USB flash drive and USB HDD and boot up any computer that has Windows 7 or higher installed on it.

Now, lets turn that physical machine into a virtual machine!

Open up Virtual Box and choose “New”. Give your Virtual Machine a name and choose the type of virtual machine it will be as well as the version. Choose your memory size, I usually a lot 2 GB=2048 MB if I plan on running it on a machine that has 4 GB of ram physically installed. Create a new hard drive, choose VHD as the hard drive file type, click next. Choose “Dynamically allocated” for the storage, click next. Give your VHD hard drive a name, I will usually name it by whats running on it, hence name it what you named your computer. Make the VHD hard drive large enough to store your operating system, I will usually choose 200GB to be on the safe side. Again this depends on how big your physical machine’s data was. You are now returned to the Virtual Box Manager screen with your new VM present. Make sure your Virtual Box extension has been installed. Obtain the extension for your software version and install it like so:

In Virtual Box, click File–>Preferences–>Extensions–>Add Package–>Locate extension file and select it. It will be automatically installed.

Prepare the conversion! Use only Option A or Option B:

Option A: If you can get USB support working in Virtual Box:

Make sure that you have installed the extension pack and setup USB access properly, if you are having some troubles, refer to the Virtual Box document here:

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html#idp55342960

In Virtual Box, click on your VM name and choose “Settings” at the top, choose “Storage”. Click on the empty CD/DVD icon and then the CD/DVD icon on the right under “Attributes” and select your Redo Backup and Recovery ISO and click “OK”. At this point you have the Redo Backup and Recovery.iso at the ready and a blank VHD to install to. All you need to do now is insert your USB hard drive and skip over Option B because you do not need to perform it.

Option B: If you cannot get USB support to work in Virtual Box. No problem, its what happened to me so I found a way around it.

In Virtual Box, click on your VM name and choose “Settings” at the top, choose “Storage”, choose “Add hard disk” next to Controller:Sata or Controller:IDE whatever you have. Choose “Create new disk”, choose VHD and again make it 200GB Dynamically allocated and name it “Installer”. Underneath “Storage Tree” click on the empty CD/DVD icon and then the CD/DVD icon on the right under “Attributes” and select your Redo Backup and Recovery ISO and click “OK”. At this point you have the Redo Backup and Recovery.iso at the ready and a blank VHD which is named after your computer and another black VHD named Installer. Now close Virtual Box and right click on “Computer” and choose “Manage”. Left click on “Disk Management” then right click on “Disk Management” again and choose “Attach VHD”. Browse for the location of your Installer VHD that you created in Virtual Box, usually in the “My Documents” folder and click okay. Now you can copy the physical computer backup image that we took earlier from D:”Your Computer’s Name” to Installer VHD. After the contents have been copied, right click on computer management again and click on “Detach VHD”. Open up Virtual Box and proceed to the next step.

Lets Convert This Thing!

Once you have either USB support or the Installer VHD setup and the Redo Backup and Recovery ISO mounted. Press “Start” on your VM name in Virtual Box. You will be met the familiar Redo Backup and Recovery boot menu, press enter to proceed. Launch the Backup and Recovery program if it did not start automatically. Choose “Restore”. In a nutshell, you will choose where your Image backup is “The Source Drive” (your USB HDD or Installer VHD if applicable) and where to install the image (blank VHD named after your computer). After you have chosen to install into the blank VHD, confirm the prompt to overite any data and let the recovery process begin. After this is finished, click close and shutdown Backup and Recovery as you did before. The VM should stop running. Click on “Settings” from the Virtual Box Manager and unmount the Backup and Recovery ISO and the Installer VHD if applicable. Leave your VHD with the name of your computer or whatever you named it and click on “OK” to go back to the Virtual Box Manager. Click on “Start”, you should now be looking at a fully virtualized version of your physical computer!

Celebrate the many uses of this power little VHD!

You can transport this VHD and include it in any Virtual Box VM instance or even VMware if you are so inclined. You can run it on your local premises or deploy it in the cloud. A cloud instance of this VM would either require running Virtual Box on your cloud computing instance, or running it natively in your cloud computing space if the hosting provider supports it.

Common Gotchas and Troubleshooting:

Q: When trying to run my Linux based virtual machine, I get ” not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) “?

A: This is because in the backup and recovery process all the entries for hda##, hdb## and so forth have been converted to sda## extc. First, copy your precious VHD so you won’t lose your work if something goes wrong. Then all you will have to do is mount Backup and Recovery ISO, start your VM again and bring up a terminal session. Mount the Root partition and edit the entries in GRUB or Lilo to the proper boot device. For example: in GRUB, the entries are included in menu.Ist and fstab. In Lilo they are included in /etc/lilo.config and then /sbin/lilo -v to write the changes.

Q: When trying to run my Windows based virtual machine I get a boot error?

A: Obtain a copy or a Windows disc and mount it inside of Virtual Box making sure it is set to boot first. Choose the “Repair” option. Choose “Start Up Repair” and let it run. If this does not do the trick, go back into the “Repair” option and choose “Command Prompt”. Try these commands one at a time, shutting down and unmounting the Windows disc each time to check if the problem has been corrected:

bootrec.exe /FixMbr. Then restart to see if resolved. If no result, try:

bootrec.exe /FixBoot. Then restart to see if resolved. If no result, try:

bootrec.exe /RebuildBcd. Then restart to see if resolved. If no result, try:

You may have to remove your BCD folder by running these commands one line at a time without quotes:

“bcdedit /export C:BCD_Backup

c: <—- Only if your Windows installation is installed on C:

cd boot

attrib bcd -s -h -r

ren c:bootbcd bcd.old

bootrec /RebuildBcd”

[ad_2]

Source by David T Goodwin